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Funding Mechanism

An overview of how Paradex's unique continuous funding mechanism works

Mechanism

The funding mechanism calculates the funding PnL for each open perpetual position. This PnL is realised when the position size changes after a trade.
The accrued funding contributes to the total unrealized PnL (hence to the account value). The accrued funding PnL is calculated in USDC (settlement asset).
At a given time t, the Funding Premium represents the difference between the last traded price (market price) and the spot price. This difference is expressed in the settlement asset of the instrument (currently USDC) :
Funding Premium=Mark Price − Spot Oracle PriceUSDC Oracle Price\small \text{Funding~Premium}=\frac{\text{Mark~Price}~-~\text{Spot~Oracle~Price}}{\text{USDC Oracle Price}}
Note that the Funding Premium can also be derived from the Funding Rate using the relationship :
Funding Premium=Funding Rate∗Spot Oracle PriceUSDC Oracle Price\small \text{Funding~Premium}=\text{Funding~Rate}*\frac{\text{Spot Oracle Price}}{\text{USDC Oracle Price}}

Funding Index

At a global level, a Funding Index calculates accrued funding for 1 unit of the asset since launch and is calculated as a time-weighted sum of the Funding Premium :
Funding Index (current timestamp)=∫launch timestampcurrent timestampFunding Premium(t) dt\text{Funding Index (current timestamp)}=\int_{\text{launch timestamp}}^{\text{current timestamp}}\text{Funding Premium(t) dt}

Funding Premium

The Funding Premium is updated along with the mark price (every 5 seconds). This triggers an update of the funding index.
At any point in time, the Current Funding Index can be calculated as :
Current Funding Index=Last Cached Funding Index+Funding Premium∗current timestamp−cached timestamp24∗3600\text{Current Funding Index}=\text{Last Cached Funding Index}\\+\text{Funding Premium}*\frac{\text{current timestamp}-\text{cached timestamp}}{24*3600}
where timestamps are expressed in seconds.

Accrued Funding

The Accrued (Unrealized) Funding of an open perpetual position depends on the change in the funding index since its last cached value (from last trade) :
Accrued Funding PnL=−Perpetual Position Size∗ (Current Funding Index - Cached Funding Index)∗USDC Oracle Price\text{Accrued Funding PnL}=-\text{Perpetual Position Size}\\*~(\text{Current Funding Index - Cached Funding Index})*\text{USDC Oracle Price}
where Perpetual Position Size is a signed position size (positive in case of a long position, negative in case of short position)
Whenever the account updates an existing perpetual position, accrued funding is realised :
Funding Realized PnL=−Previous Perpetual Position Size∗ (Current Funding Index - Cached Funding Index)\text{Funding Realized PnL}=-\text{Previous Perpetual Position Size}\\*~(\text{Current Funding Index - Cached Funding Index})

Example

  • Initial market data at time
    t0t_0
     :
​
Funding Index XYZ-USD-PERP(t0)=1′000 USDC\text{Funding Index}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0)=1'000~\text{USDC}
​
​
Mark Price XYZ-USD-PERP(t0)=112\text{Mark Price}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0)=112
​
​
XYZ Oracle Price(t0)=100\text{XYZ Oracle Price}(t_0)=100
​
​
USDC Oracle Price=1\text{USDC Oracle Price}=1
​
Therefore :
Funding Premium XYZ-USD-PERP(t0)=Mark Price − Spot Oracle PriceUSDC Oracle Price=12 USDC\text{Funding Premium}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0)=\frac{\text{Mark~Price}~-~\text{Spot~Oracle~Price}}{\text{USDC Oracle Price}}=12~\text{USDC}
​
  • Alice enters a long position of size 50 XYZ-USD-PERP at
    t0t_0
    ​
  • For example simplicity, we assume prices stay unchanged for 1 hour, i.e. the Funding Premium remains the same :
Funding Index XYZ-USD-PERP(t0+1 hour)=Funding Index XYZ-USD-PERP(t0) +124∗Funding Premium XYZ-USD-PERP(t0)=1’000+1224=1’000.5 USDC\begin{split} \text{Funding Index}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0+1~\text{hour} )&=\text{Funding Index}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0 )\\ &~+\frac{1}{24}*\text{Funding Premium}_\text{ XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0)\\ &=1’000+\frac{12}{24}\\ &=1’000.5~\text{USDC} \end{split}
Within the past hour, Alice accrued a Funding Loss equal to :
50∗(1′000.5−1′000.0)=25 USDC50*(1'000.5-1'000.0)=25~\text{USDC}
​
Note that this negative PnL affects Alice's account value but is not reflected in the USDC balance until Alice's next
XYZ-USD-PERP\text{XYZ-USD-PERP}
 trade.
  • Exactly at
    t0+1 hourt_0+1~\text{hour}
    , XYZ-USD-PERP Mark Price jumps to
    118118
    . However, XYZ Spot Oracle Price remains unchanged. The funding premium now increases to
    18 USDC18~\text{USDC}
    ​
  • Assuming prices do not change during the next 2 hours (i.e. until
    t0+3 hourst_0+3~\text{hours}
    ), the funding index becomes :
    Funding IndexXYZ-USD-PERP(t0+3 hours)=1′000.5+2∗1824=1′002 USDC\text{Funding Index}_\text{XYZ-USD-PERP}(t_0+3~\text{hours})=1'000.5+\frac{2*18}{24}=1'002~\text{USDC}
    ​
    Alice's funding loss increases to
    50∗(1′002−1′000.0)=100 USDC50*(1'002-1'000.0)=100~\text{USDC}
    ​
  • Alice decides to increase the long position size by successfully submitting a market order. This results in the previous accrued funding loss of 100 USDC to be realized (i.e. USDC balance is debited by 100) and accrued funding to be reset to zero.
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Last modified 21d ago